• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
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    • 专利摘要:

    公开号:SE1000522A1
    申请号:SE1000522
    申请日:2010-05-17
    公开日:2011-11-18
    发明作者:Stefan Tall
    申请人:Stocksundet Byggsystem Ab；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    There are also a number of plastics that are crystal clear and can be used in disc form for glazing. Examples of clear plastics are polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, polystyrene and copolymers thereof, as well as polyesters and certain grades of polyvinyl chloride.
    Polyolefin plastics with propylene as the main monomer have in some qualities a high transparency, but the light scattering caused by crystalline domains in the material is still too high for sheets of such propylene copolymers to be perceived as crystal clear. However, significant progress is being made in controlling the morphology of propylene-based plastics so that these can be made with ever better transparency and optical clarity. The polyolefins also include the glass-clear plastic polymethylpentene, as well as copolymers with cyclic olefins that are glass-clear.
    The thermal conductivity of the ordinary glass-clear plastics is approximately 20-25% of the thermal conductivity of window glass. However, the plastics have significant limitations for use in windows. The plastics have poorer reptability than glass and the stiffness is much lower. The fact that plastic is not as rigid as glass means that loads and stresses more easily cause bends in the plastic, which results in refraction or light reflections that are often perceived as undesirable, if you do not compensate for the lower stiffness of the plastic through a thicker dimension.
    The plastics also have a higher coefficient of thermal expansion than wood and glass, which makes the materials more difficult to combine in window constructions.
    Attachment of plastic sheets for transparent building sections is done by wet and dry methods. Dry attachment means that the edges of the plastic sheet fit into a groove in the profiles that enclose the window, for example steel sheet or aluminum profiles. The groove is usually sealed with a strip of elastic material such as rubber which presses against the plastic sheet so that a tight seal is obtained, but with a vacant space in the profile groove for the plastic to expand upon heating. When the plastic expands, usually due to hot air temperature and sunshine, it is required that the plastic has sufficient rigidity for its edges to really be able to press out into the vacant space despite the frictional resistance given by the disc being squeezed by the elastic strip. This becomes a function of the width, height, thickness and bending modulus of the disc. The commonly used glass-clear plastics have a flexural modulus at room temperature in the range of approx. 2000 - 3300 MPa, which means that larger panes need to be made properly thick so as not to bend during thermal expansion. Usually the thickness needs to be about 0.5-0.8% of the shortest measure of the width and height of the disc. Hypothetically, the need for thickness could decrease with a looser attachment, i.e. a reduced pressure between the elastic strip and the board, with this on the other hand would make the board more prone to be pushed out of the frame under load such as wind loads.
    Wet sealing means that the plastic sheet is attached with an elastic sealant such as, for example, silicone, acrylate latex sealant or sealants based on polyether or elastic polyurethane. Even with wet sealing, there is the possibility of heat movements, but with a certain resistance, which means that larger boards need to be thick so as not to bend.
    All in all, this means that solid glass-clear plastic panels have limited usability in windows, as normal window sizes require that plastic panels be made really thick, often 5-10 mm, which makes these panels expensive and requires advanced fastening systems.
    Plastic foils that are laminated with glass are increasingly used in windows in properties. These are often provided with layers that block heat radiation, which has the potential to reduce heat losses in cold climates even for older property stocks with old windows because the foil can be laminated on an existing glass pane. However, in order to obtain a significant reduction in the heat radiation with a laminated foil, one must be prepared to accept a not insignificant reduction in the transmittance even for visible light. Such foils therefore have a greater use in warm and sunny climates, where their use is primarily aimed at reducing the need for cooling effect in the air conditioning system. Acceptance for reducing the transmittance of visible light is greater in sunny climates than in latitudes that have a long dark season with limited daylight. Plastic foils for lamination against existing glass also have a limitation in that it is very difficult to apply the foil without trapping air bubbles between glass and foil. It is therefore a method that usually requires professional competence.
    There is thus a need for a method for improving the thermal and acoustic insulation of windows with a traditional coupled arch, preferably in older property stocks, which is cost-effective and where all the required material can be delivered in standardized dimensions. Dimensional adjustment and cutting of the material should be possible on site in the property with simple equipment. Additional advantage is given if the installation is simple so that the method is suitable for the do-it-yourself market, and if it is possible to avoid encroachment on the visible parts of older windows so that aesthetic values are preserved.
    Brief description of the invention The present invention consists of a method for thermal and acoustic insulation of windows with openable coupled arches. The method involves placing a thin sheet of clear plastic in the gap between the connected hooks. To prevent heat movements from causing the plastic sheet to deform, spacers with a slightly greater thickness than the plastic sheet are placed in the gap between the arches so that they are kept apart sufficiently so as not to clamp the plastic sheet and thereby avoid deformations during heat movements.
    The distances are placed at a sufficiently large distance from the outer edges of the plastic sheet so that space for thermal expansion is provided.
    The air gap inside the window has thus been divided into two columns, which reduces convection heat losses and provides a barrier to the transmission of sound waves between the two glass panes.
    The method also provides enhanced protection against certain burglary methods.
    Detailed description of the invention Traditional coupled window frames usually have a gap between the frames of about 1-2 mm. If necessary, this can be widened slightly with simple methods such as adjusting hinges, hinge attachments and coupling fittings. However, a larger widening of the gap often requires greater intervention, such as, for example, planing material away from the inside of the frames or significantly increasing the thickness of the window by modifying the hinges, screws or other fittings that form the coupling of the frames. To place an extra box in the space provided by the existing or moderately widened gap between the arches, it is an advantage if the material has sufficient toughness to be made thin without becoming brittle. It is thus advisable to use the tougher variants of crystal clear plastics. Examples of tough glass-clear plastics are polycarbonate, polyesters and impact-modified polymethyl methacrylate. The possibility of using thin slices, around 1 mm, of these plastics means savings in weight and cost and that it is easier to cut the slices. The latter is important because it is an advantage that measurement and cutting can be done on site in the property without the need for advanced equipment.
    Thin slices of viscous clear plastic can be easily cut with a ruler and knife. With the tip of the knife, a break instruction is carved, after which the disc is cut as it is bent with the break instruction outwards.
    To enable free movement of the disc material during expansion and contraction due to temperature variations, no attachment is made to the disc at all. Alternatively, the disc can be attached at one point or at two or more points with such a small extent that heat movements become negligible in the limited area that is fixed. In practice, this means that the board can be attached to a maximum of one side of the window frame and that all attachment points on that side may have a maximum extension of a single decimeter.
    To ensure that the panel is not clamped between the window frames, spacers, slightly thicker than the clear plastic panel, are placed in the outer parts of the gap between the window frames. For example, if you choose the panel thickness 1 mm, the distances can be 1.5 mm, which often does not require any adjustments to the frame and its fittings in a traditional double-glazed window with connected frames. Spacers are placed so that the disc is given space to expand a distance AL in height and width. AL for height and sideways, respectively, is calculated according to the following formula: AL = Lo-aL-ATMX L0 = dimension, height and width of the board, respectively, when mounting. dL = Linear thermal expansion coefficient of the plastic material.
    ATmm = maximum temperature increase relative to the temperature of the board during assembly The linear thermal expansion coefficient for current plastic materials is usually about 0.00005 ~ 0.00008 K “. ATM ”depends mainly on climate and weather conditions. It must then be taken into account that the board will be enclosed with air gaps on each side, which provides a significant heating in intense sunlight. For example, for a polycarbonate top in a south window in a Scandinavian climate with a height of 1000 mm and a width of 500 mm mounted at 20 ° C, it may be necessary to expect a maximum temperature of up to 70 ° C. Since the dL for polycarbonate is 0.000068 K ", this gives the required expansion space of 100 ~ 0.000068 ~ (70-20) = 3.4 mm in height and 1.7 mm in width.
    Figure 1 shows the structural parts of traditional windows with coupled arches 1. outer window frame, 2. outer glass pane, 3. hinges, 4. coupling fittings, 5. inner window frame, 6. inner glass pane. With the present method, spacer strips (7,8) and glass-clear thin plastic sheet (9) with thermal expansion space (10, 11) in between are supplied. The sum of the width of thermal expansion space 10 and II should be at least AL according to the previous calculation.
    The purpose of giving the plastic disc free movement by ensuring that it is not clamped and that it has expansion space in width and height is to avoid bends that give unwanted optical effects and to ensure that the plastic does not bend so strongly that it goes against and loads any of the glass panes of the window. With this method, the plastic sheet is protected from loading and contact with the surrounding glass sheets, thereby circumventing the disadvantages of the plastic materials with regard to limited scratch resistance and load-bearing capacity in the case of a thin dimension.
    Any blinds mounted between the glasses may in most cases be removed. Real bars are usually no obstacle.
    The plastic sheet can be provided with heat radiation blocking properties, for example by lamination, varnishing or mixing of heat radiation blocking additives in the plastic. Examples of '= heat radiation blocking additives are very fine particulate material of metals, metal oxides and carbon in the form of graphite or carbon nanotubes.
    However, heat radiation blocking properties in or on the plastic sheet place higher demands on the heat resistance of the plastic during intense solar radiation. Aromatic polycarbonates are usually used when there is a need for high heat resistance, ie a high softening temperature, in a glass-clear plastic. Polymethyl methacrylate also often has sufficient heat resistance. Glass clear polyesters usually have a low heat resistance but the softening temperature is higher for glass clear polyesters with monomer combinations including cyclic dihydric alcohols.
    The method can also be combined with providing one of the existing glasses with heat radiation blocking properties by laminating foil or varnishing. If this is done for the outer glass, this means that in the event of strong sun exposure, much of the heat radiation will be blocked before it reaches the plastic sheet. In this case, you can choose a plastic type with lower heat resistance.
    If one accepts a major change of the window, to the extent that the space between the arches is widened, then there is the possibility of having space with more than one plastic sheet and intermediate gap. This is illustrated in Figure 2. In this case, T-shaped profiles, 7 and 8, are placed in the space between the window frames which together with the inside of the frames form gaps slightly thicker than the plastic sheets 9 and 12 in order to ensure that the sheets are not clamped and that they have room for thermal expansion.
    Three or more glass-clear plastic sheets are made possible if one or more grooves are made in the wide part of the T-shaped spacer profiles as in Figure 3.
    In order to improve thermal and acoustic insulation laterally and vertically, as well as to save material, such wider spacer profiles can be provided with one or more cavities. Examples of this are given in Figure 4 and Figure 5.
    If you wish not to use the insides of the window frames as walls for cracks in which the plastic sheet or sheets should be able to move without being clamped, you can use a distance profile with a U- or E-shape, or a corresponding shape with more than two cracks.
    Such profile types are illustrated in Figures 6, 7 and 8. These types of profiles may be preferred when it is desired not to be dependent on ensuring a good condition of the inner surfaces of the window frames which on older windows sometimes have extensive irregularities such as paint residues. These profile types can also be provided with one or more cavities.
    In window frames connected by through screws, the screws and the device around them can constitute an obstacle for the glass-clear plastic sheet, including its required space for heat movements.
    If this is the case, this can be solved by a cut-out in the outer part of the plastic disc in the area around the coupling screw.
    The spacers do not have to enclose the clear plastic sheet material in its entire circumference. Some parts can be left open, provided that you check that there is nothing around the edges that can prevent heat movement, and that the window frames do not pinch the plastic sheet material.
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    PATENT REQUIREMENT 10. Method for upgrading windows or window doors with coupled frames characterized in that a glass-clear plastic sheet with a thickness of 0.2 - 3 mm is placed in the gap between the frames and that it is ensured that the window frames do not pinch the plastic sheet by .05 ~ 1.5 mm thicker than the plastic sheet is placed in the gap between the arches with spaces in height and sideways 1 - 10 mm larger than the height and width of the plastic sheet respectively. Method for upgrading windows or window doors with coupled frames characterized in that one or more glass-clear plastic panels each with a thickness of 0.2 - 3 mm are placed in the gap between the frames and that it is ensured that the window frames do not clamp the plastic panels individually or together with the insides of the window frames form grooves with a thickness of 0.05 - 1.5 mm thicker than the respective plastic sheet placed in the gap between the frames at intervals, calculated from the bottom of the grooves, in height and laterally 1 - 10 mm larger than the height and width of the plastic sheets. Method according to claim plastic material at least Method according to claim plastic material at least Method according to claim plastic material at least Method according to claim plastic material at least of styrene. Method according to claim the plastic material in at least Method according to claim the plastic material in at least Method according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the glass-clear sheet is polycarbonate. 1 or 2 where the crystal clear one sheet is polyester. 1 or 2 where the crystal clear sheet is polymethyl methacrylate. 1 or 2 where the clear glass sheet is polystyrene or copolymer 1 or 2 where the clear sheet is an olefin copolymer. 1 or 2 where the crystal clear one disc is polyvinyl chloride. 1 or 2 where the heat-blocking layer is included in at least one plastic sheet or in lacquer or foil applied to the plastic sheet or one of the glass panes of the window, or where the plastic in at least one of the sheets has the addition of heat-blocking additives. Method according to claim 2, wherein the spacer profile consists of extruded material with one or more cavities.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    SE535303C2|2012-06-19|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    法律状态:
    2014-01-02| NUG| Patent has lapsed|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    SE1000522A|SE535303C2|2010-05-17|2010-05-17|Method for thermal and acoustic insulation of windows with coupled arches|SE1000522A| SE535303C2|2010-05-17|2010-05-17|Method for thermal and acoustic insulation of windows with coupled arches|
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